Aetiological agent is Protozoa: Entamoeba histolytica Epidemiology The organisms are amoeboid, aero-tolerant anaerobe that survives in the environment in an encysted form. Cysts remain viable and infective in faeces for several days, in soil for at least 8 days at 24-34°C. They ...
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Aetiological agent is Helminth, nematode:Â Ascaris lumbricoiedes. Epidemiology The agent is a large nematode (roundworm) infecting the small intestine. Adult males measure 15-31cm*2-4mm, females 20-40cm*3-6mm. Eggs undergo embryonation in the soil; after 2-3 weeks they become infective and may remain viable for several ...
Aetiology of the disease is a Helminth, trematode (flatworm): Clonorchis sinensis i.e. the Chinese liver fluke. It is a flattened worm, 10-25 mm long, 3-5mm wide, usually spatula-shaped, yellow-brown in colour (owing to bile staining); has an oral and a ventral sucker and ...
The agent is a protozoon; Cryptosporidium parvum The organism has a complex life cycle that can take in a single animal host. It produces oocysts (diameter 4-6 micrometres) which are very resistant to chlorination but killed by conventional cooking procedures. Symptoms The incubation ...
a) Ingredients and agricultural produce Due to their proximity to contaminants such as soil, water and air, agricultural produce can harbour a host of foodborne pathogens. Faecal coliforms form the bulk of these pathogens. The most common strains that are usually associated ...
Food, being a source of all the necessary nutrients for human sustenance, serves as the single greatest vehicle for foodborne infections. In the quest to fulfil the bodily requirements for nutrients, consumers find themselves grappling with many challenges to avoid ...
Clostridium botulinum is gram positive anaerobic spore bearing bacilli that widely distributed in soil, sediments of lakes, ponds and decaying vegetation. Seven different strains of the organisms (A-G) are classified based on serologic specificity and another neurotoxin. Most human outbreaks are associated ...
The content provides information about the different species of the Listeria genus, with a focus on L. monocytogenes and its association with listeriosis in humans. It also discusses the detection and enumeration of L. monocytogenes in food and the food ...
Escherichia coli (E. coli), discovered by Theodor Escherich in 1885, is commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals, playing a vital role in maintaining intestinal health. While most strains are harmless, some can cause illness, especially in those ...
2,6-Dichloroindophenol Titrimetric Method – First Action 1967 Final Action 1968 Not applicable to highly coloured juices or in the presence of ferrous Fe, stannous Sn, Cu cuprous, SO2, sulphite or thiosulphate. See note.) Â ASCORBIC PRINCIPLE Ascorbic acid reduces ...