Kevine Otieno's articles

How To Make Margarine In 9 Short Simple Steps

The real butter was so expensive that only the wealthy could afford it. The low-cost of margarine gave the poor people an opportunity to use spreads on their breads.

Agroprocessing

HTST, LTLT, and UHT Pasteurization & Effects on Milk Curdling

The enzyme is more resistant to heat treatment than all pathogenic microorganisms found in milk. If the heat treatment is sufficient to dena...

Agroprocessing

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Food Packaging Material

More technologically advanced packaging materials are still being developed. Nanocomposites and intelligent packaging solutions have been pr...

Quality Management

Milk Testing Equipment for Rapid Quality Assurance of Dairy Products

In case you are taking the lactometer reading at temperatures other than calibration temperature, use the correction factor to get the corre...

Tools & Equipment

Bacterial Zoonoses: Classification, Diagnosis and Control

Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that are naturally transmitted between humans and animals. They can be transmitted by bacteria, fu...

Diseases & Health

Protein Content Determination: Kjeldahl Process

You can apply this process on a large variety of foods to determine the nitrogen content, which you then translate as a protein content usin...

Quality Management

Animal Diseases & Zoonoses: Diagnosis, Treatment And Control

Tachycardia is marked increase in pulse rate e.g. during septicaemia or toxaemia. It could also happen during circulatory failure, extreme p...

Animal Welfare

Methods of Butterfat Testing & Indices Used to Score Fats

Butter fat testing using Gerber method is one of the many quality assurance test procedures carried out in milk. It is a simpler modificatio...

Quality Management

What to Consider When Buying the Best Portable Milking Machine

Machine milking has many advantages for the farmer including reducing the amount of labor required for hand milking. It cuts down the costs ...

Tools & Equipment

Diagnosis, Treatment & Control of Common Food-borne Diseases

Highly acidic/spiced/fermented foods or foods with low protein needs delicate handling. Such food may already be spoilt but you will fail to...

Diseases & Health

Fungal Intoxication in Food: Mycotoxin (Aflatoxin) Poisoning

The most vulnerable species are all animals with pets taking the heaviest blow due to their small sized bodies. They catch the poison from c...

Diseases & Health

Best Quality Cheese Cloth, Its Alternative Uses and Available Alternatives

The gauzy cloth comes in different microns and is usually made of cotton fiber. Grades vary from open (grade 10) to very fine textured chees...

Agroprocessing

Standardizing Chemicals for Dairy Quality Assurance Tests

Various chemicals and reagents are involved in the quality assurance tests carried out on milk. We will look at the reagents needed for the ...

Quality Management

Microbiological Testing Procedures in Dairy Quality Assurance

It is important to conduct a series of microbiological testing procedures on dairy products to ensure that the final product meets the requi...

Quality Management

Waste Water and Processing Water Analysis

Chlorine added into water reacts first with hydrogen sulphide and the organic matter up to the break-point level, what remains is therefore ...

Quality Management

Brachiaria Grass Promises To Increases Milk Production By 40%

With average digestibility of 70%, this grass has better returns for the farmer given the time it takes to maturity and the inputs required ...

Feeding & Nutrition

Best Calf Management Practices From Birth To Weaning

As a farmer, there are going to be instances where you have to raise an orphaned calf. This could be due to post-parturition death of the mo...

Animal Welfare

Bacterial Spoilage in Milk: Proteolysis, Gas Production And Ropiness

Proteolysis by the endo-enzymes after bacterial autolysis is slow and insignificant in milk. However, when long time is allowed for the proc...

Quality Management

Ice Cream Business Plan: Starting A Fail-Proof Business

Before opening up your shop, do your research and know if there is adequate demand to sustain your business. Ask around and see how people r...

Agribusiness

Mastitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Measures

Mastitis in cows is manifested as the inflammation of the cow's mammary gland and udder tissue. This disease/condition is a major endemic di...

Diseases & Health

Milk Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Measures

Supplement vitamin D intake for all the lactating animals. Peg the supplementation to 50,000 units per head per day for all the cows. This w...

Diseases & Health

Ice Cream Plant Sanitation & Quality Control Parameters

The equipment can be scrapped using an abrasive material or a detergent under high pressure can be used. Soap use is discouraged as it is ve...

Quality Management

Starter Cultures, Culture Media Preparation & Effect of Growth Inhibitors

Agar imparts unique physical characteristics to the culture media, which makes it suitable for its purpose. For instance, agar enables the m...

Quality Management

Microbiology of Starter Cultures: Why Bacteria Matter

By far the most important group is the bacteria, mostly the lactic acid bacteria (LABs) e.g. Streptococcus, Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus. T...

Quality Management

Lactose Intolerance & How to Determine Lactose Content in Milk & Milk Products

The problem of lacatse enzyme deficiency is referred to as hypolactasia. This is when the body cannot produce enough lactase enzyme to diges...

Quality Management

Total Quality Management (TQM): Principles, Tools & Shortfalls

This principle is named after Wilfredo Pareto who developed the 80/20 rule, which states that 80% output is directly attributed to 20% input...

Quality Management

Decision Making Techniques: Their Advantages & Disadvantages

This technique is quite useful among large groups that want to make decision quickly (e.g. by use of vote) but want to consider everyone’s o...

Agribusiness

General Cheese Making Process & Types of Cheese

Ensure you use only good quality raw milk. You should check for inhibitory substances, standardization efficiency and protein thermal stabil...

Agroprocessing

Pearson's Square & Mass Balancing Methods of Standardization

Milk standardization is important in the dairy industry because it is used to ensure that every consumer gets milk with constant fat content...

Quality Management

Mass Balance Equations for Standardizing Milk and Juice Concentrates

Flavors in foods are as a result of volatile compounds, which are mostly lost during the evaporation process. The loss in these volatile com...

Quality Management

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